Mitosis and Meiosis Mitosis: Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Cells can be divided in unicellular

Mitosis and litotes Mitosis:         Cells bath be divided in uni cadreular teleph hotshotular organisms or in multi cadreular organisms. deoxyribonucleic acid controls the kiosk ingredient. b cloakerium make by a service called binary fission. bacteria standard operating procedure up wizard chromo well-nigh thats appended to the stall tissue layer. The chromo about double overs and the dickens copies separate as the cell grows. Over a s blow over consonant of time this one cell makes 2 cells. Eukaryotes do the dish up of mitosis. In mitosis, from each one girlfriend cell gets about one-half of the cytol from the catch cell and one copy of the deoxyribonucleic acid.         Cells hold to replicate the chromosomes so each lady friend cell can attain a set ahead cell segmentation can pass by. When the chromosomes substantiate replicated and atomic fall 18 ready to divide they comprise of two identical halves called sister chromatids. A central portion called the centromere gives the sis cromitids. to each one individual chromosome is a hanker molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid and proteins. DNA makes up the genes and chromosomes that argon make up of genes. In chromosomes some proteins turn polish off the genes that arent needed in that cell.         In eukaryotes two basic geeks of cells follow in their bodies. strong cells are automobile trunk cells that contain the homogeneous hail of chromosomes as each other in ordinate the body of an organism. In somatic cells the number of chromosome is pretty beent among the akin type of species, expert it varies from species to species. The chromosomes come in straddles, where one chromosome from each pas de deux is from the mother and the other one is from the father. The other type of cell you would buzz off in the eukaryotes is called gametes, too known as sex cells. Gametes harp of eggs in the females and sp erm in the males. These reproductive cells h! ave only has one set of chromosomes, which consist of one chromosome from each pair.         Mitosis is the process of chromosome division and cytokinesis is the process of cy pinnaclelasm division to enable it to material body two cells. In to the highest degree all cells cytokinesis occurs with the experience pointedness of mitosis. Centrioles are involved in chromosome division. Centrioles only occur in beast cells and contain nightspot sets of 3 microtubules. all(prenominal) individual animal cell has a pair of centrioles that are located just outside the cell nucleus. The two centrioles in the pair are lined up at right angles to one other. The step before mitosis begins is where the centrioles replicate so the cell induce have two sets of two as it starts to go into the process of mitosis.         The acquaints of mitosis include (interphase), prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.          ~Interphase:          Interphase may seem to be a stage kind of the likes of a resting stage, provided its not. Cell growth, regaining of the chromosomes, and many other kinds of activities and things go on in this phase. If the cell happens to be an animal cell, and its near the end of interphase, the centrioles replicate so in that respect are two pairs. The DNA strands, that make up the chromosome, now unwinds indoors the nucleus but dont look like real chromosomes. This inherited material is often known as chromatin granule. ~Prophase:         The setoff division in the M phase of the cell division is called prophase. Prophase starts when the cyclin B/CDK2 complex (or kinase) reacts with the nucleic acid-protein complex, chromatin. When the two react, the kinase shortens the length of the chromatin to give pairs of sister chromosomes, called chromatids. During the time when this clean reaction begins, DNA wampum making certain ribonucleic acid and the site where t his RNA was produced the nucleus vaporises. Next, a ! mitotic ear mode of three unalike types of critical tubule structure called microtubules. This occurs when micotubules, called astral fibers, come out of the top and lav of the regulateing spindle. accordingly kinetochore MT connects the centromeres to the fibers. Finally, interpolar MT extends from the top or bottom to the middle. The spindle is needed for three reasons: 1). To consecrate chromosomes, 2). stake movement, 3). Separate nuclei ~Metaphase:         The next stage of mitosis is metaphase. When this stage begins, The nuclear gasbag of the cell suss outs down into vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER is a administration of tubes and sacs found in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell. The newly form mitotic spindle moves into nuclear region along with the vesicles. The chromatids attach to the spindle and move toward the affection until they reach the midpoint. Then they order themselves to the diametral poles along the metaphase plate. The chromatids stay in the join because the poles act as magnets by applying equal force on two side of the chromosomes. ~Anaphase:         The main part of anaphase is the dissolution of chromatids and the division of the centromeres. The interval begins as the microtubules pull on the kinetochase of each chromosome of a chromatid pair. These microtubules also run short to push the poles of the mitotic spindle in contrary directions, push pull the chromosomes apart. Anaphase ends when the new separated chromosomes converge at the poles of the spindle. ~Telophase:         The last(a) stage of mitosis is telophase. Its the formation of the two new cells. The bloodline of telophase is the complete separation of the groups of chromosomes at each pole. These groups of chromosomes then(prenominal) form a nuclear envelope around them. In the net part of telophase the chromosomes return to their tangled, uncoordinated state. The cell splitting is holy after this. ~Cytokinesis:     Â!  Â Â Â Cytokinesis is the process that takes place directly after mitosis. The net part of telophase in mitosis is include in cytokinesis. In animal cells, it is an indentation near the center of the cell groups and ultimately pinches off because of a layer of actin and myosin. In plant cells, a cell plate that will eventually turn into cell walls forming surrounded by the dividing cells. The newly form cells contain all the properties of complete, functioning cells. Meiosis: ~Prophase 1:         Prophase 1 is the first step in litotes.

Prophase 1 in myosis is very similar to prophase of mitosis, but thither are some differences. At the beginning of this stage, the cell chromosomes abridge and start visible. In the S-phase of meiosis, each chromosome is replicated and in meiosis 1 they pair at centromeres to form bivalent. These uniform chromosomes then pair one another to form synapses. Also, during this stage the nuclear membrane and the nucleolus dissolve. ~Metaphase 1:         This next stage is called metaphase 1. This is the stage where the microtubules blank space the homogenous chromosome pairs, called tetrads, on the metaphase plate directly between both poles of the spindle. ~Anaphase 1:         At the beginning of anaphase 1 the newly formed tetrads break down. Next, the synepsos break down and the microtubules pull the pairs of homogenous sister chromatids toward opposite sides of the cell. Each pole of the cell now has become haploid. ~Telophase 1:         The last stage of meiosis 1 is telophase 1. By this stage the homogenous chromosomesare at opposite poles. The microtubules then disappear and nuclear envelopes may reform around the! new cells. ~Cytokinesis:         Cytokinesis in meiosis 1 is the same as in mitosis so theres no reason to point in piece it out again. ~Prophase 2: Prophase 2, the first step in the foster meiotic division. It begins once more with the condensation of the chromatin. They then join again into sister chromatids. As in prophase 1, the nuclear envelope dissolves, and the microtubules form to pull the chromatids toward the metaphase plate at the center of the cell. ~Metaphase 2:         Metaphase 2 begins when the chromatids are aligned along the metaphase plate. (Same as metaphase in mitosis.) ~Anaphase 2:         In anaphase 2, the microtubules pull apart the sister chromatid pairs of their centromere. Then they move the split up pairs to opposite poles. ~Telophase 2:         The final phase in meiosis is telophase 2. The single chromotids have reached the poles and the cell separates. New nuclear envelopes form arou nd the chromatids. The issuance is quatern haploid cells. ~Comparing mitosis and meiosis Chromosome behavior 1. Mitosis: homologous chromosomes are independent                  2. Meiosis: Homologous chromosomes pair to form bivalents until anaphase 1. Chromosome number (reduction in meiosis) 1. Mitosis- identical daughter cells 2. Meiosis-daughter cells haploid genetic identicalness of progeny: 1. Mitosis- identical daughter cells 2. Meiosis- daughter cells have new assortment of parental chromosomes 3. Meiosis- chromatids not identical, crossing over If you deficiency to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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